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1.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 42(3): 470-478, jul.-set. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403599

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Las infecciones asociadas con la atención en salud constituyen un problema de salud pública porque aumentan la morbimortalidad de los pacientes, sobre todo de aquellos con factores de riesgo, como la inmunosupresión debida a enfermedades oncológicas. Es importante conocer la diversidad genética de los principales microorganimos causantes de infecciones hospitalarias mediante la vigilancia epidemiológica tradicional y la epidemiología molecular, para hacer un mejor seguimiento y detectar brotes tempranamente. Objetivo. Determinar el grupo filogenético y la resistencia a antibióticos de las cepas de Escherichia coli aisladas de pacientes con cáncer hospitalizados. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de tipo transversal que incluyó 67 cepas de Escherichia coli productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE). Se determinó el grupo filogenético, el perfil de resistencia a los antibióticos, los genes de resistencia a betalactámicos, el tipo de las muestras y los servicios de hospitalización de donde fueron recuperadas. Resultados. El grupo filogenético más frecuente fue el B2 (36 %). El 57 % de las cepas B2 fueron aisladas de muestras de orina y el 33 % provenía del servicio de urología. La resistencia a ciprofloxacino y gentamicina fue de 91 y 53 %, respectivamente, y el 79 % de las cepas tenía el gen blaCTX-M. Se encontró una relación significativa (p<0,05) entre los grupos filogenéticos y la resistencia a ciprofloxacina, así como a la edad del paciente. Conclusión. El filogrupo de E. coli predominante fue el B2. Se evidenció una gran resistencia a ciprofloxacina y gentamicina, una proporción elevada de cepas BLEE con el blaCTX-M, y una relación entre el grupo filogenético y la resistencia a ciprofloxacino.


Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections are a public health problem due to the increased morbimortality of patients, especially those with risk factors such as immunosuppression due to oncological diseases. It is essential to determine the genetic diversity of the main microorganisms causing healthcare infections by combining traditional epidemiological surveillance and molecular epidemiology for better outbreak follow-up and early detection. Objective: To determine the phylogenetic group and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coliisolated from hospitalized oncologic patients. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 67 strains of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli to determine their phylogenetic group and described their antibiotic resistance profile, beta-lactam resistance genes, as well as the type of sample and the hospitalization areas from which they were recovered. Results: The most frequent phylogenetic group was B2 (36%); 57% of B2 strains were isolated from urine and 33% came from the urology department. Resistance to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was 92% and 53%, respectively, and 79% of the strains had the blaCTX-Mgene. A significant association (p<0.05) was found between the phylogenetic groups, ciprofloxacin resistance, and the age of the patients. Conclusion: The predominant E. coli phylogroup was B2. We evidenced high resistance to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, a high proportion of ESBL strains with the blaCTX-M gene, and a significant association between the phylogenetic group and the resistance to ciprofloxacin.


Subject(s)
beta-Lactam Resistance , Escherichia coli , Phylogeny , Gentamicins , Ciprofloxacin
2.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 39(1): 98-103, ene.-mar. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389934

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Los asilos de ancianos son instituciones con una alta prevalencia de infecciones del tracto urinario ocasionado por Escherichia coli productoras de ß-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE), con diversos factores de virulencia. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la frecuencia del gen bla CTX-M y de ocho genes de virulencia en 35 E. coli uropatógenas productoras de BLEE provenientes de seis asilos en Perú, durante el 2018. El 57,1% (20/35) de las E. coli fueron portadores del gen bla CTX-M. Además, se obtuvo una frecuencia del 46% (15/35) y 37% (13/35) de hly-alfa y cnf-1, respectivamente; elevada presencia de los genes iucC (63%, 22/35), aer (94%, 33/35) y chuA (94%, 33/34) y una frecuencia del 46% (16/35) y del 91% (32/34) de los genes pap GII y nanA, respectivamente. Existe predominancia en la distribución del gen bla CTX-M, además de una alta frecuencia de exotoxinas que le confieren una ventaja competitiva para diseminarse hacia el torrente sanguíneo.


ABSTRACT Nursing homes are institutions with high prevalence of urinary tract infections caused by ESBL-producing E. coli with several virulence factors. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of the bla CTX-M gene and eight virulence genes in 35 ESBL-producing uropathogenic E. coli from six nursing homes in Peru during 2018. Of the E. coli samples, 57.1% (20/35) were carriers of the bla CTX-M gene. Furthermore, we obtained frequencies of 46% (15/35) and 37% (13/35) for hly-alpha and cnf-1, respectively; we also found high presence of the iucC (63%, 22/35), aer (94%, 33/35) and chuA genes (94%, 33/34) as well as a frequency of 46% (16/35) and 91% (32/34) for the pap GII and nanA genes, respectively. The bla CTX-M gene is predominant and a high frequency of exotoxins gives it a competitive advantage for spreading into the bloodstream.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Virulence , Escherichia coli , Uropathogenic Escherichia coli , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Urinary Tract Infections , beta-Lactam Resistance , Virulence Factors , Enterobacteriaceae Infections , Homes for the Aged , Infections
3.
Vive (El Alto) ; 4(12)dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1390543

ABSTRACT

Resumen La bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae es la causante de infecciones intrahospitalarias multirresistentes, posee diversos mecanismos de resistencia como la producción de enzimas betalactamasas cuya acción afecta a los antibióticos betalactámicos. Objetivo: Caracterizar los mecanismos de resistencia presentes en aislados clínicos con Klebsiella pneumoniae identificados mediante métodos fenotípicos en el Hospital Monte Sinai desde enero de 2018 hasta agosto de 2020. Materiales y métodos: Estudio positivista con un enfoque cuantitativo de corte transversal descriptivo de diseño documental. La población estuvo conformada por 274 datos de aislados clínicos identificados con Klebsiella pneumoniae. Los cuales conformaron la totalidad de la muestra con un muestreo por cobertura total. Mismos que fueron recopilados de fuentes secundarias ingresados en la base de datos del departamento de Microbiología. Para el análisis se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Klebsiella pneumoniae mostró mayor frecuencia en el año 2020 con el 35%. Se identificó al mecanismo de resistencia BLEE con el 27,7% y carbapenemasas tipo KPC con el 7.7 %, con mayor presencia en el sexo masculino. Presentó una mayor resistencia a Penicilinas, una sensibilidad moderada a Cefalosporinas, Aminoglucósidos, Quinolonas y una alta sensibilidad a los Carbapenémicos, Tigeciclina y Colistina. Los aislados se clasificaron como multidrogorresistentes, con mayor frecuencia en Urocultivo, Aspirado bronquial, Líquido corporal, Punta de Catéter y Hemocultivo en áreas de Hospitalización, UCI y Neonatología. Conclusiones: Los mecanismos de resistencia de K. pneumoniae a los antibióticos son un hallazgo común en ambientes hospitalarios independientemente de sexo, servicio hospitalario o tipo de muestra, convirtiéndose en un problema de salud pública.


Abstract The bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae is the cause of multiresistant intrahospital infections, it has various resistance mechanisms such as the production of beta-lactamase enzymes whose action affects beta-lactam antibiotics. Objective: To characterize the resistance mechanisms present in clinical isolates with Klebsiella pneumoniae identified by phenotypic methods at Monte Sinai Hospital from January 2018 to August 2020. Materials and methods: Positivist study with a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative approach to documentary design. The population consisted of 274 data from clinical isolates identified with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Which made up the entire sample with a total coverage sampling. The same ones that were collected from secondary sources entered in the database of the Microbiology department. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis. Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a higher frequency in 2020 with 35%. The ESBL resistance mechanism was identified with 27.7% and KPC-type carbapenemases with 7.7%, with a higher presence in males. It presented a greater resistance to Penicillins, a moderate sensitivity to Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Quinolones and a high sensitivity to Carbapenems, Tigecycline and Colistin. The isolates were classified as multidrug resistant, more frequently in Urine culture, Bronchial aspirate, Body fluid, Catheter Tip and Blood culture in Hospitalization, ICU and Neonatology areas. Conclusions: The resistance mechanisms of K. pneumoniae to antibiotics are a common finding in hospital settings regardless of sex, hospital service or type of sample, becoming a public health problem.


Resumo A bactéria Klebsiella pneumoniae é causa de infecções intra-hospitalares multirresistentes, possui diversos mecanismos de resistência como a produção de enzimas beta-lactamase cuja ação afeta os antibióticos beta-lactâmicos. Objetivo: Caracterizar os mecanismos de resistência presentes em isolados clínicos de Klebsiella pneumoniae identificados por métodos fenotípicos no Hospital Monte Sinai de janeiro de 2018 a agosto de 2020. Materiais e métodos: Estudo positivista com abordagem quantitativa transversal descritiva do design documental. A população consistia em 274 dados de isolados clínicos identificados com Klebsiella pneumoniae. O que constituiu toda a amostra com uma amostra de cobertura total. Os mesmos que foram coletados em fontes secundárias e cadastrados no banco de dados do departamento de Microbiologia. Estatísticas descritivas foram utilizadas para a análise. Resultados: Klebsiella pneumoniae apresentou maior frequência em 2020 com 35%. O mecanismo de resistência a ESBL foi identificado com 27,7% e carbapenemases do tipo KPC com 7,7%, com maior presença no sexo masculino. Apresentou maior resistência às Penicilinas, sensibilidade moderada às Cefalosporinas, Aminoglicosídeos, Quinolonas e alta sensibilidade aos Carbapenêmicos, Tigeciclina e Colistina. Os isolados foram classificados como multirresistentes, com maior frequência em Urocultura, Aspirado Brônquico, Fluido Corporal, Ponta de Cateter e Hemocultura em Hospitalização, UTI e Neonatologia. Conclusões: Os mecanismos de resistência de K. pneumoniae aos antibióticos são um achado comum em ambientes hospitalares independentemente do sexo, serviço hospitalar ou tipo de amostra, tornando-se um problema de saúde pública.

4.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 41(supl.2): 180-187, oct. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355769

ABSTRACT

Resumen | Introducción. La aparición de enterobacterias multirresistentes y productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) en pacientes de consulta externa con infecciones urinarias, representa un problema de salud pública en Perú. Objetivos. Caracterizar molecularmente enterobacterias multirresistentes aisladas de pacientes con diagnóstico de infección urinaria y procedentes de dos departamentos de la selva peruana. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo de 61 aislamientos de urocultivo procedentes de la selva peruana durante 2017 y 2018. Los perfiles de resistencia se identificaron utilizando el sistema automatizado MicroScan™ y para la detección de los genes blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV se empleó una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) convencional. Resultados. Las enterobacterias positivas para BLEE más frecuentes por departamento fueron Escherichia coli en Madre de Dios (25 %, 10/40) y Ucayali (76,2 %, 16/21). En ambos departamentos, el gen blaCTX-Mfue el más frecuente (25/61; 41 %), seguido por blaTEM(15/61; 24,6 %) y blaSHV (10/61; 16,4 %). En el perfil de sensibilidad antimicrobiana, se detectó 72,6 % de resistencia contra ampicilina, 82,3 % contra cefalotina y 88,7 % contra nitrofurantoína. Conclusiones. El porcentaje de cepas de enterobacterias multirresistentes productoras de BLEE en ambos departamentos fue del 57,4 % y el gen bla CTX-M fue el más frecuente.


Abstract | Introduction. The emergence of multiresistant enterobacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in outpatients with urinary tract infections represents a public health problem in Perú. Objectives. To characterize multiresistant enterobacteria isolated from patients diagnosed with urinary tract infection in two Peruvian jungle departments using molecular techniques. Materials and methods. We conducted a descriptive, observational, and retrospective study of 61 urine culture isolates from two departments in the Peruvian jungle during 2017-2018. Resistance profiles were identified using the MicroScan™ automated system and a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of blaCTX-M, blaTEMand blaSHV genes. Results. The most common positive ESBL enterobacteria for each department were Escherichia coli in Madre de Dios (10/40; 25%) and Ucayali (16/21; 76.2%). Gene blaCTX-Mwas the most prevalent in both departments (25/61; 41%), followed by blaTEM (15/61; 24.6%), and blaSHV (10/61; 16.4%). As for the antimicrobial susceptibility profile, we detected resistance levels of 72.6% for ampicillin, 82.3% for cephalothin, and 88.7% for nitrofurantoin. Conclusions. BLEE-producing multi-resistant enterobacteria strains in both departments were 57.4% and blaCTX-M was the most common gene.


Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Microbial , Enterobacteriaceae , beta-Lactam Resistance , Genes
5.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 38(1): 119-123, ene-mar 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1280556

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se caracterizó la resistencia antimicrobiana de 70 aislados de Escherichia coli obtenidos de pacientes con infección del tracto urinario (ITU) provenientes de ocho hospitales públicos en el Perú. Los perfiles de resistencia fueron identificados mediante el uso del sistema automatizado MicroScan®. Se utilizó una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa convencional para la detección de los genes bla TEM, bla CTX-M, bla SHV y bla PER. El 65,7% (46/70) de los aislados presentó un fenotipo multidrogorresistente y el 55,7% (39/70) fue identificado como productores de betalactamasas de espectro extendido. Se detectaron altos niveles de resistencia para ampicilina (77,1%), ciprofloxacina (74,3%), trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol (62,9%), cefepime (57,1%) y cefuroxima (57,1%). El gen bla TEM fue el más frecuente con un 31,4%, seguido por bla CTX-M (18,6%) y bla SHV (2,9%). Los resultados evidencian altos niveles de resistencia a antimicrobianos de importancia clínica en aislados de E. coli de pacientes con ITU en el Perú.


ABSTRACT We characterized the antimicrobial resistance of 70 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from patients with a urinary tract infection (UTI) from 8 public hospitals in Peru. Resistance profiles were identified using the automated MicroScan® system. A standard polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of the bla TEM, bla CTX-M, bla SHV and bla PER genes. The 65.7% (46/70) of the isolates presented a multidrug-resistant phenotype and 55.7% (39/70) were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producers. High levels of resistance were detected for ampicillin (77,1%), ciprofloxacin (74,3%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (62,9%), cefepime (57,1%), and cefuroxime (57,1%). The bla TEM gene was the most frequent (31,4%), followed by bla CTX-M (18,6%) and bla SHV (2,9%) genes. These results show high resistance levels to antimicrobials of clinical use in E. coli isolates from hospital UTI patients in Peru.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Peru , Urinary Tract Infections , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Escherichia coli , Hospitals, Public , Patients , Urologic Diseases , beta-Lactam Resistance , Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
6.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 38(1): 119-123, ene-mar 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1280574

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se caracterizó la resistencia antimicrobiana de 70 aislados de Escherichia coli obtenidos de pacientes con infección del tracto urinario (ITU) provenientes de ocho hospitales públicos en el Perú. Los perfiles de resistencia fueron identificados mediante el uso del sistema automatizado MicroScan®. Se utilizó una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa convencional para la detección de los genes bla TEM, bla CTX-M, bla SHV y bla PER. El 65,7% (46/70) de los aislados presentó un fenotipo multidrogorresistente y el 55,7% (39/70) fue identificado como productores de betalactamasas de espectro extendido. Se detectaron altos niveles de resistencia para ampicilina (77,1%), ciprofloxacina (74,3%), trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol (62,9%), cefepime (57,1%) y cefuroxima (57,1%). El gen bla TEM fue el más frecuente con un 31,4%, seguido por bla CTX-M (18,6%) y bla SHV (2,9%). Los resultados evidencian altos niveles de resistencia a antimicrobianos de importancia clínica en aislados de E. coli de pacientes con ITU en el Perú.


ABSTRACT We characterized the antimicrobial resistance of 70 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from patients with a urinary tract infection (UTI) from 8 public hospitals in Peru. Resistance profiles were identified using the automated MicroScan® system. A standard polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of the bla TEM, bla CTX-M, bla SHV and bla PER genes. The 65.7% (46/70) of the isolates presented a multidrug-resistant phenotype and 55.7% (39/70) were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producers. High levels of resistance were detected for ampicillin (77,1%), ciprofloxacin (74,3%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (62,9%), cefepime (57,1%), and cefuroxime (57,1%). The bla TEM gene was the most frequent (31,4%), followed by bla CTX-M (18,6%) and bla SHV (2,9%) genes. These results show high resistance levels to antimicrobials of clinical use in E. coli isolates from hospital UTI patients in Peru.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , beta-Lactam Resistance , Escherichia coli , Hospitals, Public , Infections , Patients , Peru , Urinary Tract Infections , Urologic Diseases , beta-Lactamases , Drug Resistance, Bacterial
7.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 37(6): 683-689, dic. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388189

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Para el caso de infección urinaria adquirida en la comunidad la identificación de enterobacterias con beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) puede optimizar las estrategias de tratamiento, control y seguimiento; sin embargo, el efecto de prevalencias variables de este patrón de resistencia ha afectado la validez externa de este tipo de modelos. OBJETIVO: Desarrollar un modelo predictor diagnóstico que ajuste el error de predicción en prevalencias variables utilizando la regresión LASSO. MÉTODOS: Se diseñó un modelo predictor diagnóstico de infección urinaria adquirida en la comunidad por enterobacterias productoras de BLEE. Se empleó un estudio de corte transversal, tanto para la construcción como para la validación. Para evaluar el efecto de la prevalencia variable del desenlace, la validación se realizó con población en la que la proporción de aislados con este mecanismo de resistencia fue menor, los participantes fueron pacientes adultos que consultaron a servicios de urgencias de dos instituciones hospitalarias de mediano nivel de complejidad de la ciudad de Medellín. Para ajustar el efecto de un medio ambiente con menor proporción de resistencia antimicrobiana, utilizamos la contracción de predictores por regresión LASSO. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 303 pacientes para la construcción del modelo, se evaluaron seis predictores y la validación se realizó en 220 pacientes. CONCLUSIÓN: El modelo ajustado con regresión LASSO favoreció la validez externa del modelo en poblaciones con proporción de aislados productores de BLEE en urocultivo de pacientes ambulatorio entre 11 y 16%. Este estudio brinda criterios para un aislamiento temprano cuando los predictores están presentes en poblaciones con proporciones de resistencia en urocultivos ambulatorios cercanas a 15% y propone una metodología para ajuste de error en el diseño de modelos de predicción en resistencia antimicrobiana


BACKGROUND: In the case of community-acquired urinary tract infection, the identification of Enterobacteriaceae with extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) can optimize treatment, control and follow-up strategies, however the effect of variable prevalences of this resistance pattern has affected the external validity of this type of models. AIM: To develop a diagnostic predictive model that adjusts the prediction error in variable prevalences using the LASSO regression. METHODS: A diagnostic predictive model of community-acquired urinary tract infection by infection by ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae was designed. A cross-sectional study was used for both construction and validation. To assess the effect of the variable prevalence of the outcome, the validation was performed with a population in which the proportion of isolates with this resistance mechanism was lower, the participants were adult patients who consulted the emergency services of two medium-level hospital institutions. complexity of the city of Medellin. To adjust for the effect of an environment with a lower proportion of antimicrobial resistance, we used the contraction of predictors by LASSO regression. RESULTS: 303 patients were included for the construction of the model, six predictors were evaluated and validation was carried out in 220 patients. CONCLUSION: The adjusted model with LASSO regression favored the external validity of the model in populations with a proportion of ESBL producing isolates in urine culture of outpatients between 11 and 16%. This study provides criteria for early isolation when predictors are present in populations with proportions of resistance in ambulatory urine cultures close to 15% and proposes a methodology for the adjustment of errors in the design of prediction models for antimicrobial resistance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/epidemiology , beta-Lactamases , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Logistic Models , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
8.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 37(4): 700-704, oct.-dic. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1156832

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de determinar la utilidad de la citometría de flujo para la detección de Pseudomonas aeruginosa productoras de metalobetalactamasas (MBL), se estudiaron aislamientos de P. aeruginosa genotípicamente caracterizados del cepario del laboratorio de Epidemiología Molecular y Genética de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se analizaron 29 aislamientos (17 productoras de MBL y 12 no productoras de MBL) con el kit de viabilidad celular FACSCalibur (Becton Dickinson). Se utilizaron dos tratamientos, uno con meropenem y el otro con meropenem-EDTA. Usando la razón de aumento de fluorescencia en las células no vivas, se demostró una diferencia significativa entre las productoras de MBL y las no MBL, considerando como punto de corte una razón >1,6. Se determinó una sensibilidad de 94,1% y una especificidad del 100%. La citometría de flujo constituye una alternativa para la detección de P. aeruginosa productora de MBL.


ABSTRACT In order to determine the utility of flow cytometry for detecting metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we used genotypically characterized P. aeruginosa isolates from the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics Laboratory of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. A total of 29 isolates (17 MBL-producing and 12 non-MBL-producing) were analyzed with the FACSCalibur (Becton Dickinson) cell viability kit. Two treatments were used, one with meropenem and the other with meropenem-EDTA. A significant difference between MBL and non-MBL-producing P. aeruginosa was demonstrated using the fluorescence ratio in non-living cells, considering a cut-off point of >1.6. We determined a sensitivity of 94.1% and a specificity of 100%. Flow cytometry represents an alternative for the detection of MBL-producing P. aeruginosa.


Subject(s)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Molecular Epidemiology , Flow Cytometry , beta-Lactamases , Carbapenems , beta-Lactam Resistance
9.
Horiz. méd. (Impresa) ; 20(2): e915, abr.-jun 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1143015

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar las características clínico-microbiológicas de 7 casos de infección nosocomial por Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de carbapenemasa MBL, tipo NDM, en el Hospital Geriátrico San Isidro Labrador (HG SIL) en el periodo de febrero a mayo de 2018. Materiales y métodos Es un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo realizado en adultos mayores con infecciones urinarias, neumonías, úlceras sacras e infecciones de herida operatoria que recibieron terapia antibiótica múltiple no protocolizada. El método usado para detectar la MBL fue el de doble disco con ácido fenilborónico (APB) y ácido etilendiaminotetraacético (EDTA) en los aislados de Klebsiella pneumoniae con sensibilidad disminuida a carbapenémicos. La identificación del gen NDM se realizó en el Instituto Nacional de Salud mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Resultados En total, fueron 7 casos positivos para el gen NDM y todos resistentes al meropenem lo que confirmó el brote epidémico. La mortalidad fue 28,6 % (2 de 7 pacientes) pero, debido a la existencia de comorbilidades en todos los casos, no se pudo determinar la mortalidad atribuible. Conclusiones Destacan el rol clave inicial del laboratorio para detectar y tipificar las carbapenemasas y las medidas de control integral de las infecciones. Además, son los primeros casos reportados en nuestra red asistencial.


ABSTRACT Objective To determine the clinical and microbiological characteristics of seven (7) cases of New Delhi MBL (NDM)- producing Klebsiella pneumoniae nosocomial infections at the Hospital Geriátrico San Isidro Labrador (HG SIL) from February to May 2018. Materials and methods A descriptive and retrospective study conducted in elderly people with urinary infections, pneumonia, sacral ulcers and surgical wound infection who received multiple non-protocolized antibiotic therapy. The methods used to detect MBLs in the Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates that showed decreased sensitivity to carbapenems were the phenylboronic acid-based (PBA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-based (EDTA) double disk tests. The identification of the NDM gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction at the Instituto Nacional de Salud. Results In total, the seven cases were positive for the NDM gene and resistant to meropenem, which confirmed the epidemic outbreak. Mortality accounted for 28.6 % (2 of 7 patients) of the cases. However, due to the presence of comorbidities in all cases, the attributable mortality could not be determined. Conclusions Labs have a key initial role for detecting and classifying the carbapenemases and the measures of comprehensive control of infections. The aforementioned cases are the first ones reported in our healthcare network.

10.
Oncología (Guayaquil) ; 29(3): 165-178, 31 de diciembre del 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1140775

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos (PROA) surgen ante la necesidad de disminuir el porcentaje de infecciones por microorganismos resistentes a los antimicrobianos, lo cual beneficiaria con mejores resultados clínicos, disminuyendo efectos adversos y reduciendo el gasto que involucra el uso de los mismos. Este programa se implementó en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del hospital oncológico SOLCA Guayaquil, durante un año. Es objetivo del presente estudiofueestablecer la tasa de uso de antimicrobianos en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos(UCI) el porcentaje de descalamiento y la epidemiología de las infecciones en UCI. Métodos: En este estudio observacional prospectivo, con muestra no probabilística se incluyeron todos los casos ingresados en la UCIdel Instituto Oncológico Nacional Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo de la ciudad de Guayaquil, en el período julio 2018 a junio 2019. Las variablesfueron prevalencia del uso de antibióticos, tipo de antibiótico usado, descalamiento de antibioterapia, adherencia del personal a las guías clínicas y dosis diarias definidas (DDD) y el índice días-paciente mes por área de internación. Resultados: Se incluyeron 246 pacientes; el 81% se encontraba recibiendo antibióticos, con un máximo de dos antibióticos por paciente; la profilaxis quirúrgica se mantuvo dentro de las primeras 24 horas en el 50% de la veces y el 25.66% la recibió por un periodo mayor a 24 horas; 57.25% tuvo un decalamiento mantenido, en el 20.75% de tipo escalado y el13.66% de tipo descalado. Entre los patógenos aislados están las enterobacterias productoras de beta lactamasas de espectro extendido positivas (BLEE+) con un 57% y las enterobacterias resistentes a los carbapenémicos con un 32%. El mayor consumo fue de carbapenémicos con 625.24g. seguidos de los inhibidores de betalactamasas con 402.94 g. La tasa de tratamientos empíricos del 49.58% vs el 26.41% de tratamientos dirigidos; y mortalidad bruta del 22.76%. Conclusión:La tasa de uso de antibióticos en UCI es alta, el porcentaje de descalamiento fue aceptable comparada con las tasas reportadas regionalmente, la epidemiología de gérmenes reportados más frecuentes son las enterobacterias productoras de beta lactamasa espectro extendido.


Introduction: Antimicrobial use optimization programs (PROA) arise due to the need to decrease the percentage of infections by antimicrobial resistant microorganisms, which would benefit from better clinical results, reducing adverse effects and reducing the expense involved in the use of the same. This program was implemented in the intensive care unit of the SOLCA Guayaquil cancer hospital for one year. The objective of the present study was to establish the rate of use of antimicrobials in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), the percentage of descaling and the epidemiology of infections in the ICU. Methods:In this prospective observational study, with a non-probability sample, all the cases admitted to the ICU of the Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo National Oncological Institute in the city of Guayaquil, in the period July 2018 to June 2019 were included. The variables were prevalence of the antibiotic use, type of antibiotic used, antibiotics displacement, staff adherence to clinical guidelines and defined daily doses (DDD) and the patient-day-month index by hospitalization area. Results:246 patients were included; 81% were receiving antibiotics, with a maximum of two antibiotics per patient; Surgical prophylaxis was maintained within the first 24 hours 50% of the time and 25.66% received it for a period greater than 24 hours; 57.25% had a sustained offset, in 20.75% the scaled type and 13.66% the bare type. Isolated pathogens include 57% positive extended spectrum beta lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL +) and 32% carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae. The highest consumption was of carbapenems with 625.24 g. followed by beta-lactamase inhibitors with 402.94 g. The empirical treatment rate of 49.58% vs. 26.41% of targeted treatments; and gross mortality of 22.76%. Conclusion:The rate of use of antibiotics in the ICU is high, the percentage of descaling was acceptable compared to the rates reported regionally, the epidemiology of the most frequent reported germs are the extended spectrum beta lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cross Infection , beta-Lactam Resistance , Intensive Care Units , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal , Antimicrobial Stewardship
11.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 36(4): 433-441, ago. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042659

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Las infecciones causadas por enterobacterias productoras de β-talactamasas de espectro extendido (EP-BLEE) tienen implicaciones sobre la morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal. Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de EP-BLEE en sepsis neonatal y los factores asociados. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo, desde agosto del 2016 a agosto del 2017. Se incluyeron recién nacidos (RNs) ingresados en el Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca". Mediante prueba de difusión de doble disco se indagó la presencia de EP-BLEE y su asociación con características clínicas y demográficas de los RNs. Resultados: Se estudiaron 1.501 RNs hospitalizados, con edad gestacional promedio de 36,3 semanas. Se diagnosticaron 196 eventos de sepsis neonatal, la etiología más frecuente fueron enterobacterias (45,5%); 88,8% demostraron resistencia a ampicilina y más de 42% a cefalosporinas de amplio espectro. El 22,9% presentó fenotipo BLEE positivo. Tener Apgar ≤ 7 a los cinco minutos de vida (OR 4,6; IC 95% 1,47-14,6) y edad gestacional < 37 semanas (OR 5,4; IC 95%1,04-27,7) incrementaron el riesgo. Conclusión: En las enterobacterias causantes de sepsis neonatal, 22,9% son EP-BLEE; la infección es más probable en pacientes con Apgar ≤ 7 a los cinco minutos de vida y en prematuros.


Background: Infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases enterobacteria (ESBL-EP) have implications for neonatal morbidity and mortality. Aim: To describe the prevalence of ESBL-EP in neonatal sepsis and associated factors. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from August 2016 to August 2017; newborn babies (NB) hospitalized in the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" were included. The ESBL-EP were investigated by double-disk synergy test and its association with clinical and demographic characteristics of the NB. Results. A total of 1,501 hospitalized NB were studied, with an average gestational age of 36.3 weeks. They were diagnosed 196 neonatal sepsis events, the most frequent etiologies were enterobacteria (45.5%). Resistance to ampicilin was found in 88.8% and to broad spectrum cephalosporins in more than 42% of the strains; 22.9% of them were ESBL phenotype. Apgar ≤ 7 at five minutes of life (OR 4.6; 95% CI 1.47-14.6) and gestational age < 37 weeks (OR 5.4; 95% CI 1.04-27.) increase the risk. Conclusion: In enterobacteria that cause neonatal sepsis, 22.9% were EP-ESBL; infection was more likely in patients with Apgar ≤ 7 at five minutes of age and in preterm infants.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis , Cross Infection/microbiology , Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology , Neonatal Sepsis/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Enterobacteriaceae/classification
12.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 35(4): 363-641, oct.-dic 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020775

ABSTRACT

Con el objetivo de caracterizar y determinar la frecuencia de genes que codifican metalo-β-lactamasas (MBL) en aislados clínicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), se realizó un estudio transversal en el Hospital Militar Central (HMC) de Lima, Perú, entre enero y setiembre del 2016. Se analizaron 76 aislados de P. aeruginosa con sensibilidad disminuida a carbapenémicos y resistentes a ceftazidima. La detección fenotípica de MBL se realizó por el método de sinergia de doble disco entre imipenem y meropenem frente al ácido etilendiaminotetraacético (EDTA), y la identificación de los genes por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. De los 76 aislados, 24 (31,6 %) fueron positivos para MBL por el método fenotípico, confirmándose genéticamente todos. Se encontró el gen blaIMP en 23/24 (95,8 %) y blaVIM en 1/24 (4,2 %). Ningún aislado presentó blaNDM. El gen blaIMP resultó ser el más frecuente entre los aislados clínicos de P. aeruginosa no sensibles a carbapenémicos en el HMC.


hat codify metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) in clinical isolates of Pseudomona aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), a cross-sectional study was conducted in the Central Military Hospital (HMC) of Lima, Peru, between January and September, 2016. Seventy-six (76) isolates of P. aeruginosa with diminished sensitivity to carbapenemes and resistant to ceftazidime were analyzed. The phenotype detection of MBL was made by double disc synergy between imipenem and meropenem versus ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and the identification of the genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Of the 76 isolates, 24 (31.6%) were positive for MBL by the phenotype method, genetically confirming all. The blaIMP gene was found in 23/24 (95.8%) and blaVIM in 1/24 (4.2%). No isolate had blaNDM. The blaIMP gene turned out to be the most frequent among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa not sensitive to carbapenemics at this Hospital.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Peru , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzymology , Bacterial Proteins/analysis , beta-Lactamases/analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitalization , Hospitals, Military
14.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 35(2): 259-264, abr.-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961889

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La diseminación global de carbapenemasas es de importancia en la salud pública. El objetivo del estudio es describir la presencia de genes de resistencia a carbapenémicos tipo KPC y metalobetalactamasas en enterobacterias aisladas de 12 hospitales y remitidos al Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Infecciones Intrahospitalarias del Instituto Nacional de Salud de Perú durante los años 2013 al 2017. Las cepas fueron identificadas por métodos convencionales, la resistencia antimicrobiana fue determinada por métodos fenotípicos, bioquímicos y la presencia de genes de resistencia, se detectaron por PCR convencional. Se identificaron 83 cepas con carbapenemasas: 26 (31,3 %) portando el gen blaKPC, 56 (67,5 %) el gen blaNDM y una (1,2 %) cepa con el gen blaIMP. Es el primer reporte que da a conocer los genes de carbapenemasas circulantes en hospitales de Perú, por lo que se requiere mejorar la vigilancia para tener un mejor conocimiento de la situación en Perú.


ABSTRACT The global spread of carbapenemases is a significant public health concern. The aim of this report is to describe the presence of KPC-type carbapenem-resistant genes and enterobacteria isolated in 12 hospitals and forwarded to the Peruvian National Institute of Health's National Infection Reference Laboratory during the period between 2013 and 2017. The strains were identified by conventional methods; antimicrobial resistance was determined by phenotypic and biochemical methods. The presence of resistant genes was detected by conventional PCR. Eighty-three (83) strains harboring carbapenemases were identified: 26 (31.3%) carrying the blaKPC gene, 56 (67.5%) the blaNDM gene, and one strain (1.2%) with the blaIMP gene. This is the first report that shows the circulating carbapenemases genes in Hospitals in Peru of cases submitted for their confirmation to the National Reference Laboratory, so it is necessary to improve the surveillance to better understand their situation in our country.


Subject(s)
Humans , Carbapenems/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects , Enterobacteriaceae/genetics , Peru , Time Factors , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Enterobacteriaceae/enzymology , Hospitals
15.
Chinese Journal of Dermatology ; (12): 369-372, 2018.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-710390

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the roles of penA and mtrR gene mutations in resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone.Methods Standard strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (ATCC-49226),clinical strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with high sensitivity to ceftriaxone (2012-4052 and 2012-15361) and clinical strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with reduced sensitivity to ceftriaxone (2012-5616) were treated with ceftriaxone at subinhibitory concentration (50% MIC),so as to induce the resistance to ceftriaxone.DNA was extracted from the primary strains before the treatment and daughter strains resistant to ceftriaxone after the treatment,followed by the amplification and DNA sequencing of the penA and mtrR genes.Results For strains 2012-5616 and ATCC-49226,ceftriaxone-resistant strains with MIC ≥ 1 mg/L were obtained after 26 and 28 passages,respectively.For strains 2012-4052 and 2012-15361,ceftriaxone-resistant strains with MIC ≥ 0.5 mg/L were obtained after 22 and 36 passages,respectively.Sequence analysis of the penA gene revealed that A501T and G542S mutations were identified in the induced resistant ATCC-49226 strains,but no new mutations were observed in the other 3 strains.All the 4 mutant strains showed penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) of gene sequence type ⅩⅧ and no mosaic structure of the penA gene was found in the strains.Sequence analysis of the mtrR gene showed that the A39T mutation was found in the 2012-5616 and ATCC-49226 strains before and after the induction,as well as in the coding region of the mtrR gene in the induced resistant 2012-4052 strains.Conclusion The A501T and G542S mutations in the penA gene and A39T mutation in the mtrR gene may play a role in the resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone.

16.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 49(1): 36-40, jun.16, 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1151747

ABSTRACT

O surgimento da enzima metalobetalactamase "New Delhi" (NDM-1) incrementou a possibilidade das bactérias se tornarem multirresistentes. Esta betalactamase foi relatada pela primeira vez em 2009, em isolados clínicos de Klebsiella pneumoniae e Escherichia coli oriundos de um paciente sueco hospitalizado na Índia. Tendo em vista a ampla resistência desenvolvida por bactérias portadoras do gene blaNDM e seu elevado índice de disseminação, o presente artigo buscou apresentar e discutir aspectos importantes sobre essa metaenzima, como mecanismo de ação, detecção laboratorial, controle de infecção e possibilidades de tratamento.


The emergence of metalobetalactamase enzyme "New Delhi" (NDM-1) increased the chance of bacteria becoming multiresistant. This betalactamase was first reported in 2009 in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli derived from a Swedish patient hospitalized in India. Given the widespread resistance developed by bacteria carrying the gene blaNDM and its high rate of spread, this paper aims to present and discuss important aspects of this metalobetalactamase as mechanism of action, laboratorial detection, infection control and treatment possibilities


Subject(s)
beta-Lactam Resistance , Enterobacteriaceae , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Carbapenems , Anti-Infective Agents
17.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 49(1): 130-134, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-776530

ABSTRACT

Abstract: New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) is a bacterial enzyme that renders the bacteria resistant to a variety of beta-lactam antibiotics. A 20-year-old man was hospitalized several times for surgical treatment and complications caused by a right-sided vestibular schwannoma. Although the patient acquired several multidrug-resistant infections, this study focuses on the NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter spp. infection. As it was resistant to all antimicrobials tested, the medical team developed a 20-day regimen of 750mg/day metronidazole, 2,000,000IU/day polymyxin B, and 100mg/day tigecycline. The treatment was effective, and the patient recovered and was discharged from the hospital.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Acinetobacter/enzymology , beta-Lactamases , Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Acinetobacter/drug effects , Acinetobacter Infections/drug therapy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
18.
Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine ; (12): 748-752, 2014.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-459987

ABSTRACT

Objective To understand the drug resistance and antibiotic resistance mechanism ofβ-lactam antibiotics of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from Shanghai Children′s Hospital, provides the reference for the rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods This study is based on the research of the mechanism of drug resistance.62 isolates of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected from Shanghai Children′s Hospital from January 2005 to December 2011.Minimum inhibitory concentrations ( MIC) of strains to 9 antimicrobial agents were determined by E-test method.The penicillin binding protein coding genes pbp2x, pbp2b, and pbp1a of Streptococcus pneumoniae were amplified by PCR.Then, the correlation between the gene mutation andβ-lactam antibiotics resistant level were analyzed.The murM gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae was amplified by PCR and the correlation of mutation and β-lactam antibiotics resistant level was analyzed.Results Out of 62 strains of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from children, the detection rate of penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was 43.6% (27/62).Between penicillin intermediate Streptococcus pneumoniae ( PISP ) ( 100%, 25/25 ) and penicillin sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae (PSSP) (3/10), the difference of gene mutation rate near the pbp2b conserved sequence was statistically significant (χ2 =21.875, P<0.01).The same situation occurred between penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP)(100%, 27/27)and PSSP (3/10) (χ2 =23.310, P<0.01).Also the difference of gene mutation rate of PISP (84%, 21/25) vs PSSP (0) and PSSP (0) vs PRSP (85.2%, 23/27) near or in the pbp2x conserved sequence were statistically significant (χ2 =21.000, P <0.01;χ2 =22.513,P<0.01).The difference of gene mutation rate near the pbp1a conserved sequence and Insertion sequence, which were statistically significant, occurred between PISP and PSSP (χ2 =13.22,P<0.01), between PRSP and PSSP (χ2 =37.000,P<0.01), between PISP and PRSP (χ2 =10.211,P=0.001). MurM gene mutation rate was statistically significant different between the 2 group penicillin MIC≥8 mg/L or ceftriaxone MIC≥2 mg/L group (95.8%, 23/24) and penicillin MIC<8 mg/L or ceftriaxone MIC<2 mg/L group (0) (χ2 =56.2,P =0.002 6).Conclusions The resistance phenomenon of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in Shanghai Children′s Hospital is serious.The gene mutations of pbps and murM play a role in amide in the beta of antibiotic resistance, and there is a certain correlation with the antibiotic resistance level.

19.
Med. lab ; 19(3-4): 183-188, 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-834746

ABSTRACT

La resistencia bacteriana es un problema de salud pública que dificulta cada vez más el tratamiento de los pacientes con infecciones del tracto urinario o de otros sistemas. Si bien los casos de resistencia estaban restringidos al entorno hospitalario, en la actualidad son más comunes las infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad causadas por bacterias ultirresistentes. En este artículo se presenta una reflexión acerca del riesgo que representa la multirresistencia, y el surgimiento de resistencia a las alternativas terapéuticas para el tratamiento exitoso de las infecciones de tracto urinario, así como se reflexiona sobre puntos clave relacionados con el uso adecuado de las pruebas diagnósticas y los antibióticos en este tipo de infecciones.


Antibiotic resistance is a public health problem that makes urinary tract infections and infections in other organs increasingly difficult to treat. Although bacterial resistance was once restricted to hospitals, nowadays community acquired infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria are be comingincreasingly more common. This review article reflects on the risks associated with antibiotic resistance and the emergence of resistance to alternative antibiotic treatments available for the successful treatment of urinary tract infections; it also considers key points concerning the proper use of diagnostic tests and the antibiotic drugs used to diagnose and treat these infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Escherichia , Escherichia coli
20.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 107(6): 747-751, set. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-649489

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to characterize two metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates showing meropenem susceptibility. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by automated testing and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute agar dilution method. MBL production was investigated by phenotypic tests. Molecular typing was determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). MBL-encoding genes, as well as their genetic context, were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. The location of blaIMP-16 was determined by plasmid electrophoresis, Southern blot and hybridization. Transcriptional levels of blaIMP-16, mexB, mexD, mexF, mexY, ampC and oprD were determined by semi-quantitative real time PCR. The P. aeruginosa isolates studied, Pa30 and Pa43, showed imipenem and meropenem susceptibility by automated testing. Agar dilution assays confirmed meropenem susceptibility whereas both isolates showed low level of imipenem resistance. Pa30 and Pa43 were phenotypically detected as MBL producers. PFGE revealed their clonal relatedness. blaIMP-16 was identified in both isolates, carried as a single cassette in a class 1 integron that was embedded in a plasmid of about 60-Kb. Pa30 and Pa43 overexpressed MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ and MexXY-OprM efflux systems and showed basal transcriptional levels of ampC and oprD. MBL-producing P. aeruginosa that are not resistant to meropenem may represent a risk for therapeutic failure and act as silent reservoirs of MBL-encoding genes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Imipenem/pharmacology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Thienamycins/pharmacology , beta-Lactam Resistance/genetics , beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis , Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzymology
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